THE IMAGE BELOW SHOWS WHAT A PERSON WITH NORMAL VISUAL FUNCTION WILL SEE

The amazing thing to relearn is that the eyes actually see the world upside down. It is when the signals are transmitted through the visual pathway to be processed does the world which we see right itself, as we see it.

The eyes are composed of a huge array of anatomical structures, far too many to list them all. The cornea which is located at the front of the eye itself is composed of 5 layers. Light is transmitted through the cornea, through the anterior chamber, through the pupil and then the crystalline lens, through the vitreous humour and finally to the light sensitive layer of the retina (10 layers).

Below is an actual photograph of the back of my own eyes which shows the retina, optic disc, macula and blood vessel supply. I am happy to say so far it is healthy.

Please click on the links below to understand the eye in more detail
http://www.macula.org/anatomy/eyeframe.html
http://www.moorfields.nhs.uk/Eyehealth/Anatomyoftheeye
http://www.human-anatomy.net/anatomy-eye-pictures.html

The retina as mentioned above is a light sensitive layer and captures the images which we see before us. It is composed of 10 layers and again has some important anatomical landmarks. The main areas of the retina are the macula and the optic nerve head. The macula is the area responsible for our central vision and has the highest concentration of cone cells. It is an area which is slightly darkened and temporal to the optic disc. The optic disc (optic nerve head), is the channel that runs all the retinal nerve fibres along the visual pathway to get processed in the visual cortex. The diagram of the visual pathway can be found is the PIE IN THE SKY and HOMONYMOUS HEMIONOPIA sections.